Portrait of Blu Mankuma

Blu Mankuma

Bio: Blu Mankuma (born July 5, 1948) is an American actor. He has appeared in numerous Canadian and American productions filmed in Canada
Born: Mon, Jul 05 1948
Birthplace: Seattle, Washington, USA
Blu Mankuma is 76 years old
External Links
IMDb logo
Sort by Popularity
Scroll to TV Credits
Acting Roles
Crew Roles

Movies (Acting Roles)

Sorted by Release Date
Poster of Broken Angel
Broken Angel
Blu Mankuma was
74 in Broken Angel
as 'Sam'.
Thu, Oct 20 2022
Poster of Volition
Volition
Blu Mankuma was
70 in Volition
as 'Mick'.
Fri, Mar 15 2019
Poster of Bad City
Bad City
Blu Mankuma was
66 in Bad City
as 'L. Donald Bramante'.
Wed, Sep 10 2014
Poster of Upside Down
Upside Down
Blu Mankuma was
64 in Upside Down
as 'Albert'.
Thu, Sep 27 2012
Poster of Smoke Screen
Smoke Screen
Blu Mankuma was
62 in Smoke Screen
as 'Detective Clark'.
Sun, Nov 21 2010
Poster of Fathers & Sons
Fathers & Sons
Blu Mankuma was
62 in Fathers & Sons
as 'Blu'.
Fri, Oct 01 2010
Poster of The Final Storm
The Final Storm
Blu Mankuma was
61 in The Final Storm
as 'Charles Booker'.
Tue, Apr 13 2010
Poster of 2012: Roland Emmerich - Master of the Modern Epic
2012: Roland Emmerich - Master of the Modern Epic
Blu Mankuma was
61 in 2012: Roland Emmerich - Master of the Modern Epic
as 'Self'.
Tue, Mar 02 2010
Poster of 2012
2012
Blu Mankuma was
61 in 2012
as 'Harry Helmsley'.
Sat, Oct 10 2009
Poster of At Jesus' Side
At Jesus' Side
Blu Mankuma was
59 in At Jesus' Side
as 'Ulysses (Voice)'.
Sat, Mar 01 2008
Poster of Fierce People
Fierce People
Blu Mankuma was
59 in Fierce People
as 'Gates'.
Mon, Nov 05 2007
Poster of Connors' War
Connors' War
Blu Mankuma was
58 in Connors' War
as 'Brooks'.
Tue, Sep 26 2006
Poster of Like Mike 2: Streetball
Like Mike 2: Streetball
Blu Mankuma was
57 in Like Mike 2: Streetball
as 'Coach Archie'.
Mon, May 15 2006
Poster of Presumed Dead
Presumed Dead
Blu Mankuma was
57 in Presumed Dead
as 'Captain Dade'.
Mon, May 08 2006
Poster of Barbie Fairytopia: Mermaidia
Barbie Fairytopia: Mermaidia
Blu Mankuma was
57 in Barbie Fairytopia: Mermaidia
as 'Deep Bibble (voice)'.
Tue, Mar 14 2006
Poster of Fugitives Run
Fugitives Run
Blu Mankuma was
57 in Fugitives Run
as 'Rusty'.
Tue, Aug 02 2005
Poster of The Final Cut
The Final Cut
Blu Mankuma was
56 in The Final Cut
as 'Zoe Tech Representative'.
Fri, Oct 15 2004
Poster of G.I. Joe: Valor vs. Venom
G.I. Joe: Valor vs. Venom
Blu Mankuma was
56 in G.I. Joe: Valor vs. Venom
as 'Heavy Duty (voice)'.
Tue, Sep 14 2004
Poster of Jack
Jack
Blu Mankuma was
55 in Jack
as 'Coach'.
Sat, Jun 19 2004
Poster of Call Me: The Rise and Fall of Heidi Fleiss
Call Me: The Rise and Fall of Heidi Fleiss
Blu Mankuma was
55 in Call Me: The Rise and Fall of Heidi Fleiss
as 'Police Chief'.
Mon, Mar 29 2004
Poster of On Thin Ice
On Thin Ice
Blu Mankuma was
55 in On Thin Ice
Mon, Nov 03 2003
Poster of G.I. Joe: Spy Troops
G.I. Joe: Spy Troops
Blu Mankuma was
55 in G.I. Joe: Spy Troops
as 'Heavy Duty (voice)'.
Tue, Sep 23 2003
Poster of Hot Wheels: World Race
Hot Wheels: World Race
Blu Mankuma was
54 in Hot Wheels: World Race
as 'Hasis (voice)'.
Tue, Jul 01 2003
Poster of Jasper, Texas
Jasper, Texas
Blu Mankuma was
54 in Jasper, Texas
as 'James Byrd Sr.'.
Sun, Jun 08 2003
Poster of Inspector Gadget's Last Case
Inspector Gadget's Last Case
Blu Mankuma was
54 in Inspector Gadget's Last Case
as 'Velvetmobile (voice)'.
Sun, Oct 13 2002
Poster of Groove Squad
Groove Squad
Blu Mankuma was
54 in Groove Squad
as 'Coach'.
Tue, Oct 01 2002
Poster of The Santa Clause 2
The Santa Clause 2
Blu Mankuma was
54 in The Santa Clause 2
as 'John Pierce'.
Sun, Sep 29 2002
Poster of Johnson County War
Johnson County War
Blu Mankuma was
54 in Johnson County War
as 'Hambone'.
Sat, Aug 24 2002
Poster of K-9: P.I.
K-9: P.I.
Blu Mankuma was
54 in K-9: P.I.
as 'Captain Thomas'.
Tue, Jul 30 2002
Poster of Roughing It
Roughing It
Blu Mankuma was
53 in Roughing It
as 'Johnston'.
Sat, Mar 16 2002
Poster of Joe
Joe
Blu Mankuma was
53 in Joe
as 'Joe Fortes (voice)'.
Tue, Jan 01 2002
Poster of ReBoot - Daemon Rising
ReBoot - Daemon Rising
Blu Mankuma was
53 in ReBoot - Daemon Rising
as 'Killabyte / Gigabyte (voice)'.
Fri, Oct 19 2001
Poster of Halloweentown II: Kalabar's Revenge
Halloweentown II: Kalabar's Revenge
Blu Mankuma was
53 in Halloweentown II: Kalabar's Revenge
as 'Gort'.
Fri, Oct 12 2001
Poster of The Christmas Secret
The Christmas Secret
Blu Mankuma was
52 in The Christmas Secret
as 'Haskins'.
Tue, Dec 12 2000
Poster of Holiday Heart
Holiday Heart
Blu Mankuma was
52 in Holiday Heart
as 'Pastor Henry'.
Sun, Dec 10 2000
Poster of Blacktop
Blacktop
Blu Mankuma was
52 in Blacktop
as 'Buck'.
Fri, Oct 20 2000
Poster of Middlemen
Middlemen
Blu Mankuma was
52 in Middlemen
as 'Dizzy'.
Thu, Oct 05 2000
Poster of Convergence
Convergence
Blu Mankuma was
52 in Convergence
as 'John Fellons'.
Tue, Aug 15 2000
Poster of Mermaid
Mermaid
Blu Mankuma was
51 in Mermaid
as 'Caretaker'.
Sun, May 21 2000
Poster of Don't Look Behind You
Don't Look Behind You
Blu Mankuma was
51 in Don't Look Behind You
as 'George Reeder'.
Sun, Jul 25 1999
Poster of G-Saviour
G-Saviour
Blu Mankuma was
50 in G-Saviour
as 'Chief Councilor Graves'.
Fri, Jun 18 1999
Poster of Our Guys: Outrage at Glen Ridge
Our Guys: Outrage at Glen Ridge
Blu Mankuma was
50 in Our Guys: Outrage at Glen Ridge
as 'D.A. Stevens'.
Sun, May 02 1999
Poster of The Color of Courage
The Color of Courage
Blu Mankuma was
50 in The Color of Courage
as 'Hollis Grey'.
Wed, Feb 10 1999
Poster of Every Mother's Worst Fear
Every Mother's Worst Fear
Blu Mankuma was
50 in Every Mother's Worst Fear
as 'Detective Maris'.
Wed, Aug 19 1998
Poster of The Animated Adventures of Tom Sawyer
The Animated Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Blu Mankuma was
50 in The Animated Adventures of Tom Sawyer
as 'Jim (voice)'.
Tue, Jul 21 1998
Poster of Bone Daddy
Bone Daddy
Blu Mankuma was
50 in Bone Daddy
as 'Trent'.
Sun, Jul 19 1998
Poster of Final Descent
Final Descent
Blu Mankuma was
49 in Final Descent
as 'Jack Eberly'.
Sun, Oct 12 1997
Poster of Dead Silence
Dead Silence
Blu Mankuma was
49 in Dead Silence
as 'Special Agent Henry Lebow'.
Mon, Sep 22 1997
Poster of A Call to Remember
A Call to Remember
Blu Mankuma was
49 in A Call to Remember
as 'Hank McTier'.
Sat, Aug 30 1997
Poster of Intensity
Intensity
Blu Mankuma was
49 in Intensity
as 'Ethan Trevaine'.
Tue, Aug 05 1997
Poster of Bliss
Bliss
Blu Mankuma was
48 in Bliss
as 'Nick'.
Mon, Apr 14 1997
Poster of That Old Feeling
That Old Feeling
Blu Mankuma was
48 in That Old Feeling
as 'Piano Player'.
Fri, Apr 04 1997
Poster of Murder at My Door
Murder at My Door
Blu Mankuma was
48 in Murder at My Door
as 'Det. Mike Ferguson'.
Tue, Oct 08 1996
Poster of A Child Is Missing
A Child Is Missing
Blu Mankuma was
47 in A Child Is Missing
as 'Police Chief'.
Sun, Oct 01 1995
Poster of Convict Cowboy
Convict Cowboy
Blu Mankuma was
47 in Convict Cowboy
as 'Warden Bill Ranner'.
Sat, Jul 15 1995
Poster of Whale Music
Whale Music
Blu Mankuma was
46 in Whale Music
as 'Mookie Saunders'.
Thu, Nov 03 1994
Poster of Love on the Run
Love on the Run
Blu Mankuma was
45 in Love on the Run
as 'Ray Valentine'.
Sun, Jun 05 1994
Poster of RoboCop: The Future of Law Enforcement
RoboCop: The Future of Law Enforcement
Blu Mankuma was
45 in RoboCop: The Future of Law Enforcement
as 'Sergeant Stanley Parks'.
Mon, Mar 14 1994
Poster of For the Love of Aaron
For the Love of Aaron
Blu Mankuma was
45 in For the Love of Aaron
as 'Mark Perkins'.
Sat, Jan 01 1994
Poster of A Stranger in the Mirror
A Stranger in the Mirror
Blu Mankuma was
45 in A Stranger in the Mirror
as 'Kenyon's Butler'.
Sun, Oct 24 1993
Poster of Another Stakeout
Another Stakeout
Blu Mankuma was
45 in Another Stakeout
as 'Seattle Det. Wills'.
Thu, Jul 22 1993
Poster of Miracle on Interstate 880
Miracle on Interstate 880
Blu Mankuma was
44 in Miracle on Interstate 880
as 'Fireman Shafer'.
Mon, Feb 22 1993
Poster of Mortal Sins
Mortal Sins
Blu Mankuma was
44 in Mortal Sins
as 'Det. Rollie'.
Wed, Nov 04 1992
Poster of Knight Moves
Knight Moves
Blu Mankuma was
43 in Knight Moves
as 'Steve Nolan'.
Tue, Jan 14 1992
Poster of A Mother's Justice
A Mother's Justice
Blu Mankuma was
43 in A Mother's Justice
as 'Det. Roy Bogardus'.
Mon, Nov 25 1991
Poster of K2
K2
Blu Mankuma was
43 in K2
as 'Man on Wheelchair'.
Thu, Oct 10 1991
Poster of Bingo
Bingo
Blu Mankuma was
43 in Bingo
as 'Motorcycle Cop'.
Fri, Aug 09 1991
Poster of The Russia House
The Russia House
Blu Mankuma was
42 in The Russia House
as 'Merv'.
Fri, Dec 21 1990
Poster of Cadence
Cadence
Blu Mankuma was
42 in Cadence
as 'Eugene 'Spoonman' Bryce'.
Fri, Nov 16 1990
Poster of Cold Front
Cold Front
Blu Mankuma was
41 in Cold Front
as 'The Bartender'.
Sat, Jun 09 1990
Poster of Bird on a Wire
Bird on a Wire
Blu Mankuma was
41 in Bird on a Wire
as 'Plainclothesman'.
Fri, May 18 1990
Poster of Immediate Family
Immediate Family
Blu Mankuma was
41 in Immediate Family
as 'Crib Mover'.
Fri, Oct 27 1989
Poster of Look Who's Talking
Look Who's Talking
Blu Mankuma was
41 in Look Who's Talking
as 'Director'.
Thu, Oct 12 1989
Poster of Changes
Changes
Blu Mankuma was
40 in Changes
Sun, Jan 01 1989
Poster of Watchers
Watchers
Blu Mankuma was
40 in Watchers
as 'Cliff'.
Fri, Dec 02 1988
Poster of Davy Crockett: Rainbow in the Thunder
Davy Crockett: Rainbow in the Thunder
Blu Mankuma was
40 in Davy Crockett: Rainbow in the Thunder
as 'Butler'.
Sun, Nov 20 1988
Poster of The Red Spider
The Red Spider
Blu Mankuma was
39 in The Red Spider
as 'Bo Davis'.
Thu, Apr 21 1988
Poster of Shoot to Kill
Shoot to Kill
Blu Mankuma was
39 in Shoot to Kill
Fri, Feb 12 1988
Poster of After the Promise
After the Promise
Blu Mankuma was
39 in After the Promise
Sun, Oct 11 1987
Poster of Stakeout
Stakeout
Blu Mankuma was
39 in Stakeout
Wed, Aug 05 1987
Poster of Malone
Malone
Blu Mankuma was
38 in Malone
as 'Rev. Danby'.
Fri, May 01 1987
Poster of The Stepfather
The Stepfather
Blu Mankuma was
38 in The Stepfather
as 'Lt. Jack Wall'.
Fri, Jan 23 1987
Poster of High Stakes
High Stakes
Blu Mankuma was
38 in High Stakes
as 'Reverand Willis'.
Wed, Oct 01 1986
Poster of Firefighter
Firefighter
Blu Mankuma was
38 in Firefighter
as 'Firefighter / Paramedic Washington'.
Tue, Sep 23 1986
Poster of Brotherly Love
Brotherly Love
Blu Mankuma was
36 in Brotherly Love
as 'Wineman'.
Tue, May 28 1985
Poster of Rainbow War
Rainbow War
Blu Mankuma was
36 in Rainbow War
Tue, Jan 01 1985
Poster of Secrets of a Married Man
Secrets of a Married Man
Blu Mankuma was
36 in Secrets of a Married Man
as 'Cop #2'.
Mon, Sep 24 1984
Poster of Mr. Patman
Mr. Patman
Blu Mankuma was
32 in Mr. Patman
as 'Orderly'.
Wed, Apr 22 1981
Poster of The Plutonium Incident
The Plutonium Incident
Blu Mankuma was
31 in The Plutonium Incident
as 'Benny'.
Tue, Mar 11 1980
Poster of Letters from Frank
Letters from Frank
Blu Mankuma was
31 in Letters from Frank
as 'Mover #1'.
Thu, Nov 22 1979

TV Shows (Acting Roles)

Sorted by Release Date
Ages in TV shows are based off the first air date and may not be accurate. View individual episode details for accurate ages
Poster of Delete
Delete
Blu Mankuma was
65+ in Delete
as 'Gen. Cassius Giles USAF'.
First Air Date
Mon, Aug 19 2013
Poster of Alcatraz
Alcatraz
Blu Mankuma was
63+ in Alcatraz
as 'Elmore - Pianist'.
First Air Date
Mon, Jan 16 2012
Poster of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic
Blu Mankuma was
62+ in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic
as 'Red Dragon (voice), Flutterguy (voice)'.
First Air Date
Sun, Oct 10 2010
Poster of League of Super Evil
League of Super Evil
Blu Mankuma was
60+ in League of Super Evil
as 'General Sargent (voice)'.
First Air Date
Sat, Mar 07 2009
Poster of Fringe
Fringe
Blu Mankuma was
60+ in Fringe
as 'Stephen Farnsworth'.
First Air Date
Tue, Sep 09 2008
Poster of Tin Man
Tin Man
Blu Mankuma was
59+ in Tin Man
as 'Tutor / Toto, Toto'.
First Air Date
Sun, Dec 02 2007
Poster of Blood Ties
Blood Ties
Blu Mankuma was
58+ in Blood Ties
as 'Augustus'.
First Air Date
Sun, Mar 11 2007
Poster of Supernatural
Supernatural
Blu Mankuma was
57+ in Supernatural
as 'Dr. Jennings'.
First Air Date
Tue, Sep 13 2005
Poster of The Collector
The Collector
Blu Mankuma was
55+ in The Collector
First Air Date
Wed, Jun 02 2004
Poster of The Twilight Zone
The Twilight Zone
Blu Mankuma was
54+ in The Twilight Zone
as 'Thomas Sumner'.
First Air Date
Wed, Sep 18 2002
Poster of Breaking News
Breaking News
Blu Mankuma was
54+ in Breaking News
First Air Date
Wed, Jul 17 2002
Poster of The Dead Zone
The Dead Zone
Blu Mankuma was
53+ in The Dead Zone
First Air Date
Sun, Jun 16 2002
Poster of Smallville
Smallville
Blu Mankuma was
53+ in Smallville
as 'Franklin W. Stern'.
First Air Date
Tue, Oct 16 2001
Poster of Night Visions
Night Visions
Blu Mankuma was
53+ in Night Visions
as 'Dooley'.
First Air Date
Thu, Jul 12 2001
Poster of X-Men: Evolution
X-Men: Evolution
Blu Mankuma was
52+ in X-Men: Evolution
First Air Date
Sat, Nov 04 2000
Poster of Andromeda
Andromeda
Blu Mankuma was
52+ in Andromeda
as 'Marlowe'.
First Air Date
Mon, Oct 02 2000
Poster of 2gether: The Series
2gether: The Series
Blu Mankuma was
52+ in 2gether: The Series
as 'Marvin Boyd'.
First Air Date
Tue, Aug 15 2000
Poster of Relic Hunter
Relic Hunter
Blu Mankuma was
51+ in Relic Hunter
as 'Abdulla'.
First Air Date
Sat, Sep 25 1999
Poster of Atomic Train
Atomic Train
Blu Mankuma was
50+ in Atomic Train
as 'Reuben Castillo'.
First Air Date
Sun, May 16 1999
Poster of Da Vinci's Inquest
Da Vinci's Inquest
Blu Mankuma was
50+ in Da Vinci's Inquest
First Air Date
Wed, Oct 07 1998
Poster of Seven Days
Seven Days
Blu Mankuma was
50+ in Seven Days
First Air Date
Wed, Oct 07 1998
Poster of Shadow Raiders
Shadow Raiders
Blu Mankuma was
50+ in Shadow Raiders
as 'Lord Mantel'.
First Air Date
Wed, Sep 16 1998
Poster of First Wave
First Wave
Blu Mankuma was
50+ in First Wave
as 'Special Agent Haley Burbitt'.
First Air Date
Wed, Sep 09 1998
Poster of RoboCop: Alpha Commando
RoboCop: Alpha Commando
Blu Mankuma was
50+ in RoboCop: Alpha Commando
First Air Date
Mon, Sep 07 1998
Poster of Welcome to Paradox
Welcome to Paradox
Blu Mankuma was
50+ in Welcome to Paradox
First Air Date
Mon, Aug 17 1998
Poster of Creature
Creature
Blu Mankuma was
49+ in Creature
as 'Rollie Gibson'.
First Air Date
Mon, May 18 1998
Poster of Earth: Final Conflict
Earth: Final Conflict
Blu Mankuma was
49+ in Earth: Final Conflict
as 'CIA Agent Morris Carter'.
First Air Date
Mon, Oct 06 1997
Poster of Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show
Blu Mankuma was
49+ in Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show
First Air Date
Sat, Sep 27 1997
Poster of Extreme Dinosaurs
Extreme Dinosaurs
Blu Mankuma was
49+ in Extreme Dinosaurs
as 'Hardrock (voice)'.
First Air Date
Mon, Sep 01 1997
Poster of Intensity
Intensity
Blu Mankuma was
49+ in Intensity
as 'Ethan Trevaine'.
First Air Date
Tue, Aug 05 1997
Poster of Stargate SG-1
Stargate SG-1
Blu Mankuma was
49+ in Stargate SG-1
as 'Sheriff Knox'.
First Air Date
Sun, Jul 27 1997
Poster of Beast Wars: Transformers
Beast Wars: Transformers
Blu Mankuma was
47+ in Beast Wars: Transformers
as 'Tigerhawk / Vok #1 (voice), Tigertron (voice), Tigerhawk (voice), Tigatron (voice)'.
First Air Date
Mon, Apr 22 1996
Poster of G.I. Joe Extreme
G.I. Joe Extreme
Blu Mankuma was
47+ in G.I. Joe Extreme
First Air Date
Sat, Sep 23 1995
Poster of The Outer Limits
The Outer Limits
Blu Mankuma was
46+ in The Outer Limits
as 'Stanley, 2013 U.S. President, Captain John Owens'.
First Air Date
Sun, Mar 26 1995
Poster of ReBoot
ReBoot
Blu Mankuma was
46+ in ReBoot
First Air Date
Sat, Sep 10 1994
Poster of M.A.N.T.I.S.
M.A.N.T.I.S.
Blu Mankuma was
46+ in M.A.N.T.I.S.
First Air Date
Fri, Aug 26 1994
Poster of RoboCop: The Series
RoboCop: The Series
Blu Mankuma was
45+ in RoboCop: The Series
as 'Sergeant Stanley Parks'.
First Air Date
Sat, Mar 12 1994
Poster of Viper
Viper
Blu Mankuma was
45+ in Viper
as 'Mr. Kempler'.
First Air Date
Sun, Jan 02 1994
Poster of Madison
Madison
Blu Mankuma was
45+ in Madison
First Air Date
Tue, Sep 21 1993
Poster of The X-Files
The X-Files
Blu Mankuma was
45+ in The X-Files
as 'Det. Pennock, Claude Peterson'.
First Air Date
Fri, Sep 10 1993
Poster of Kung Fu: The Legend Continues
Kung Fu: The Legend Continues
Blu Mankuma was
44+ in Kung Fu: The Legend Continues
as 'Sugar Williams'.
First Air Date
Wed, Jan 27 1993
Poster of Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures
Blu Mankuma was
43+ in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures
as 'Holy One #1'.
First Air Date
Sun, Jun 28 1992
Poster of Forever Knight
Forever Knight
Blu Mankuma was
43+ in Forever Knight
as 'Capt. Joe Reese'.
First Air Date
Tue, May 05 1992
Poster of Palace Guard
Palace Guard
Blu Mankuma was
43+ in Palace Guard
First Air Date
Thu, Oct 17 1991
Poster of Mom P.I.
Mom P.I.
Blu Mankuma was
42+ in Mom P.I.
First Air Date
Fri, Oct 12 1990
Poster of Unsub
Unsub
Blu Mankuma was
40+ in Unsub
as 'Captain Starks'.
First Air Date
Fri, Feb 03 1989
Poster of Wiseguy
Wiseguy
Blu Mankuma was
39+ in Wiseguy
First Air Date
Wed, Sep 16 1987
Poster of The New Adventures of Beans Baxter
The New Adventures of Beans Baxter
Blu Mankuma was
39+ in The New Adventures of Beans Baxter
as 'Colonel'.
First Air Date
Sat, Jul 18 1987
Poster of 21 Jump Street
21 Jump Street
Blu Mankuma was
38+ in 21 Jump Street
as 'Breeze, Henderson, Officer Lauer, Cop, Cabbie, Tom Holloway'.
First Air Date
Sun, Apr 12 1987
Poster of MacGyver
MacGyver
Blu Mankuma was
37+ in MacGyver
as 'Sheriff Max Hubbard, Lt. Rhome'.
First Air Date
Sun, Sep 29 1985
Poster of Stingray
Stingray
Blu Mankuma was
37+ in Stingray
First Air Date
Sun, Jul 14 1985
Poster of Huckleberry Finn and His Friends
Huckleberry Finn and His Friends
Blu Mankuma was
31+ in Huckleberry Finn and His Friends
First Air Date
Tue, Jan 01 1980